The Northern Ireland Conflict

The Northern Ireland Conflict Every country in the world is searching to the peace and want to live a safely life, regard less their religion or their path if its Christianity, Islam or any other religion. Its an original desire in every one, to seek about peace. The country could face allots of conflicts and clashes between it self or with other country because of the geographical boundaries, economics issues, ethnic schism or because of breaking the agreements. But also these conflicts can be at the same country which is causes by ethnics groups or civil wars, for example: Lebanon, Iraq and Northern Ireland. These countries faced civil and ethnic wars, which that affect on people life. Its killed thousands of people in a short period, mutilated people appearance and genes destroy the country properties and wealth. Also it has a dangerous psychological effect on the children (victims) and the next generations, especially if the war was at the same country between the citizens. The most remarkable war, that happe ned in Europe since many years and makes noticeable changes in Christianity. It is the Catholics and the Protestants fight in the Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland governmental division of the United King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland located in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland (Encarta). And the remaining part of the island is a part of the republic of Ireland. The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast .Northern Ireland population is approximately 55% Protestants which they are the majority and 45% Catholics. This country is divided depending on the religious and political lines. The split between the Protestants majority and the Roman Catholic minority made a deep conflict that influence the regions politics and economy. By the 17th century, Protestants British colonizer had dominated the regions Catholic, Gaelic residents. The entire of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1920(Encarta). Then the civil ethnic war was breaking out between Loyalist ( unionist) Protestants and Nationalist Catholics. The Catholics wanted Northern Ireland to be reunited to republic of Ireland to the south and the Protestants wanted to remain in a part of the United Kingdom. Since the violence over 30 years ago, more than 3,600 people have been killed in the conflict (Film). The island was divided into tow regions, Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland; both were under United Kingdom controls. The British army was sending to equal the corruption, but the violence continued especially the bloody Sunday event, when the British groups opened the fire on a group of Catholic demonstrators and killed 14 people. The term used in Ireland and the United Kingdom to describe this conflict was the (Troubles). This term was to describe the violence of 1919-1923 (Encarta). But after the Friday agreements the conflict stopped on 1 march 1999. The agreement was to confirm the awareness of the human rights in the Northern Ireland (BBC). This fight had many causes: t he absence of organized government, every group wanted to control the country and the most essential cause is the ethnic schism. The region contained tow groups of people who are differed in political loyalty, religious practice and cultural morals (Cain). One of them believed that their land had been stolen, while the other was in a stable state of anxiety. Northern Ireland is still suffering from this conflict and its make the two groups in a suspicious between each other. The most essential outcome from this awful event, by bombing houses and killed innocent people, that make the children passed out the hates from on generation to another and make them suspect even in their friends and their neighbors, in addition, its makes them live unsafely life they can not trust any one near them and teach them how to make anomies from the other side. But who were suffered great lost from this conflict, are still trying to breaking the cycle of violence in Northern Ireland and they are baying the price of what their parents have done. Both sides Protestants and Catholics children had suffered from this conflict. Its makes deep changes in the children way of thinking and how they deal with other children from the other sect. and there are still many issues without solving, many children are remained angry and hurts. Like Grace, Colin and Mark those children are both Catholics and Protestants they lost one of their family members. Every one has his own story, every one of them lost one of their beloveds although they are from different sects but their suffering from the Trouble is one. (Grace) lost her father; he was killed in the conflict she lost him when she was two years and she still suffering from this conflict (un.org). Colin is an another case he is a Protestant boy he is 15 years old, Colin lives with his brothers and his father in the most litigious area in Belfast. In the top of Shankill road (Protestant side) the peace wall is divided the neighborhood out of the Catholic area. One a day Colin was walking back home from his school. He use to take the Protestant road but one time when he get lost out of the Protestant side a group of Catholic kids hit him harshly. This event keep Colin hates the Catholic children more and more. At the same period of Shankill notorious bombing when Colin was five years old, ten people were killed plus the bomber and 57 were injured. The unionist Irish Republican army claimed the reasonability of this bombing and it said that the target was not to kill the civilians but it was meant to exploit during the rival unionist group Ulster freedom fighters meeting. After what happened, the loyalists Protestant take the revenge by killing tow Catholic residents. And by the end of the week the killed 12more Catholics by other ways!! Colin and his family were affected by the Shankill bombing. Alife, Colins father was in the bombing area the fish shop when its exploded. Colin and his mother knew that Alfie could be one of the injured or killed people. Colins mother searched about Alfie but Alife were wondered thats why one of the men was wearing surgical gloves. The victim was taken to the hospital and he was totally covered. Then, the family knew that the man with the gloves was a Catholic man and he was the bomber. After this occurrence the McCrery family started to live in a great hectic and fear they become prisoners and strangers in their own home. At night, they looked all the windows and doors perfectly even if one of the family children waked up at night to drink water or to go to the bathroom they must wake their father first. The Troubles affected on McCrery in a negative way (un.org). Mark is a Catholic boy; he lost his father when he was just six years old. His father was shot and killed by Protestant gunman. Although that (Mark) became sixteen years old he remains deeply affected because of this conflict he still struggles and with his anger and hates. Mark does not share his sadness with any one he prefers to keep his bad memories for him self. The death of Marks was broadcasting in the televisions and newspapers but he does not need all these things to remember this awful tragedy. Marks anger started to become bigger and bigger with time even its stared to pulling him down into despair and hopelessness. The children who suffered from this conflict are trying to seek about solutions and keys to help them to overcome what they faced. They are deeply hurts every one have his bad memories that could affect his life or his personality and the hates the got can affect the whole generation and the whole country if the people did not try to establish and plan solutions. But the country and the responsible sides were aware of the solutions to help the Protestant and the Catholic children to deal with subsequences of this tragedy together. The responsible authorities associate the Wave Center and they supply it by equipments and psychologists to help the children to overcome what they have faced. The Wave social Center helps the children who are too self-conscious or embarrassed to talk with others. Every one inter this Center have missed someone in that conflict and they wished that this Center can help them to control their anger and emotions. Many Catholic and Protestant children participate in this Center and the main goal of this Center is to gather both the Catholic and Protestant children at the same place to make them deal with each other and make the both side talk about what happened to him and how is the Trouble affect on him and on his life also the other goal is to make the children able to feel in others and to obliterate the hate on them. Even who manage this Center lost his wife because of the bombing in 1993 since that time he decided to dedicate him self to these children. The Center arranges many act ivities to make the children express their feelings and talk about what is inside them and begin the process of recovering. By encouraging the children to draw sketches about soothing they love and talk about it and express what they feel from this picture or encourage them to record a home videos to talk about them selves and the one they have missed. Like Grace who recorded a video her bout her father. The video also contains a Box that includes her father things and pictures and she had talk about her memories with her father also she add that this Box is the only memory which is still from her father. The one she has missed in that conflict the Troubles. This video helps Grace to overcome this adversity, with a bravely soul. In addition, some projects in the Center encourage the boys and girls to remember the happy times and memories before the tragedy and how it affects on them (Film). And all these activities are surely will be published in a book to make the children that the y have done something valuable. Plus that traditionally Protestants and Catholics used to go to separate schools. But to destroy the racism the country have just recently opened a n integrated schools for the children and now they spend more time with each other to talk and discuss and exchange their Point views. Although only 4 percent go to these integrated schools, the mixing schools brought remarkable benefits because the Protestant and the Catholic can argue with each other about what happened which is excellent to know the both side opinions and feel other side emotions by what they pass through this conflict and make friends from the other sect to under stand their views plus corporate with each other to overcome the affection of what happened (Un). These new generation of Northern Ireland can change what their families have done and can raise their children on love and forget the hate. They can live in a happy life with each other although their different sect and they can fix what happened by forget it and do not think about it again. Also take it as a lesson to make them knew that they are one nation, one country and one union. And if what happened repeated again that will lose them a lot. Finally, I wonder why are the nations can not live in a peace? And until when we will live in this situation References: http://www.un.org/works/goingon/ireland/lessonplan_tolerance.html http://www.un.org/works/goingon/ireland/grace_story.html http://www.un.org/works/goingon/ireland/collin_story.html http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/index.html By John Darby, (2003), Northern Ireland: the background to the peace process http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/darby03.htm (UN) film about Northern Ireland fight

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- English Literature

Edgar Allan Poe Essay How does E.A. Poe explore the themes of horror and obsession in his short stories? In Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories the black cat and The Tell Tale Heart, both terrify the reader by making them believe they are the person going through these terrifying tales, as they believe they can hear the heart pound under the floor boards as in The Tell Tale Heart. Or they feel very cocky as showing the police round the basement 2 – 3 times until it all goes wrong, they feel it was them who committed these awful crimes. In the Black cat short story, it is the madness of the characters that creates the perfect scary story, the man trying to kill the cat and eventually killing his wife. Poe creates an atmosphere of horror by making the reader feel they are the main character, that they have just driven an axe in to there wives head. He wants the reader to feel scared and unsure, to be scared next time they hear a soft beating sound that is unexplainable, to remember the story and haunt you for as long as you live. The techniques he uses to do this are simple, but very, very affective, he repeats words and describes the most minute thing, for example, â€Å"It was open – wide, wide open – and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. I saw it with perfect distinctness – all a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones: for I had directed the ray as if by instinct, precisely upon the damned spot.† That shows how he describes almost everything giving you a great idea of what was happening and how he repeated words to give a incredible sense of fear. Another method used by Edgar Allan Poe to illustrate the obsessions of his characters is that they all were slightly ... ...es the perfect horror story of his time. As the when the story’s are read in the present they do not scare us as we have seen horror films with people having objects rammed through there heads and horrible things that would scare the hair of a little child’s back. But even how descriptive the story is it wouldn’t scare you because of our modern day society. The techniques used by Edgar Allan Poe created tension and fear, wanting to know what happened next. And that is what happened. Edgar Allan Poe is successful through being able to reflect his life into his work, create new techniques for generations onwards to use, he gave some of the best examples of narrative stories and created some of the most describing pieces of work ever. In most peoples eyes he succeeded in being one of the top horror writers of all time, if not the most remembered and the best.

Lamb to the Slaughter †Study of Mary Maloney Essay

I am going to explain within this essay how I think Mary Maloney’s character changes in the story Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl. When the story opens Mary is a content, loving and devoted wife and is six months pregnant and happy to be so. â€Å"Now and again she would g lance up at the clock, but without anxiety, merely to please herself with the thought that each minute gone by made it nearer the time when he would come.† The statement â€Å"without anxiety† demonstrates her contentment. The statement â€Å"please herself† to â€Å"when he would come† demonstrates the love and devotion she has as she is eagerly awaiting the return of her husband from work. It states â€Å"The drop of the head as she bent over her sewing was curiously tranquil. Her skin – for this was her six month with child – had acquired a wonderful translucent quality†. The use of the word â€Å"tranquil† and â€Å"wonderful† portray she was thriving on her pregnancy and had no anxieties. It later states â€Å"For her, this was always a blissful time of day†. The use of â€Å"blissful† shows demonstrates the full extent of her contentment. On the arrival of her husband home Mary Maloney begins to detect something is wrong with her husband and a nervous anxiousness starts to appear in her. It states â€Å"he did an unusual thing. He lifted his glass and drained it in one swallow†. This was setting the scene that this was not a normal evening and indicating â€Å"drained it† introduced negative connotations. The statements â€Å"she heard the ice cubes falling back against the bottom of the empty glass† and â€Å"she noticed the new drink was dark amber† and â€Å"she could see little oily swirls in the liquid because it was so strong† shows she was becoming fixated on the manner in which he was drinking the whisky. This fixation was used by the story teller in combination with her repeated attempts to be helpful and appease in statements such as â€Å"’I’ll get it!’ she cried, jumping up.† and â€Å"‘Darling, shall I get your slippers?’ † and also with â€Å"’But, darling, you must eat!’† to build up a picture of increasing uneasiness in her. The writing style of using of exclamation marks and italicised â€Å"must† emphasised the anxiety. On her husband’s announcement of his news Mary Maloney went into shock and denial. The statement â€Å"dazed horror† demonstrated this but also â€Å"as he went further and further way from her with each word† emphasised she had begun to detach from her current reality and to hope it was all a mistake â€Å"Maybe, if she went about her business and acted as though she hadn’t been listening, then later, when she sort of woke up again, she might find none of it had ever happened.† demonstrates this further. The statement â€Å"She couldn’t feel anything at all – except a slight nausea and a desire to vomit† demonstrates the extent of her emotional distress as it emphasised her body had been physically affected by the news. After she kills her husband she is jolted out of shock by the sounds of her husband crashing to the floor. The statement â€Å"The violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped bring her out of shock† demonstrates this. Her mind races to at this point to calculate how to cover up the crime but not for her own benefit but to protect her unborn child. This is shown in the statements â€Å"how clear her mind became all of a sudden. She began thinking very fast.†, â€Å"It made no difference to her. In fact it would be a relief†, â€Å"what about the child† and â€Å"she ran upstairs to the bedroom†. The fast pace being used to show still an element of distress but now more panicked than shocked, clear minded and calculating how to get away with the crime. Mary Maloney then perseveres to overcome her panic and acts to maintain an air of normality so that she can carry out believably her plan to cover up her crime. The statement â€Å"That was better. Both the smile and the voice were coming out better now. She rehearsed it several times moreâ€Å". This shows the struggle to speak normally as she needed to rehears it. In the shop the statement â€Å"’Hullo Sam,’ she said brightly, smiling at the man behind the counter.† and â€Å"Perfect’, she said. He loves it.’†, shows she has decided to pretend that there is nothing wrong. This act of normality is further emphasised by her thoughts as she approaches her house on return from the shops stating â€Å"she happened to find anything unusual or tragic, or terrible, then naturally it would be a shock and she’d become frantic with grief and horror.†, and â€Å"Keep things absolutely natural and there’ll be no  need for actin g at all†. She believes by being as natural as possible she will get away with the crime. Mary Maloney then feels the pain of loosing her husband. The passage â€Å"All the old love and longing for him welled up inside her, and she ran over to him and knelt down beside him, and began to cry her heart out. It was easy. No acting was necessary.† The words â€Å"welled up† shows her being overcome by emotion and also â€Å"to cry her heart out† being very emotive of a pouring out of her emotions. After the momentary grief of seeing her husband dead on her return she goes back into acting out her plan to cover up the crime but calmer and yet more calculating. The statement â€Å"she fell right into Jack Noonan’s arms, weeping hysterically†, â€Å"’Is he dead?’she cried.† and â€Å"While she was talking, crying and talking†. Mary was building a picture of a a wife who was grieving. She then lures the policemen into drinking â€Å"’Would you mind giving me a drink’† â€Å"Why don’t you have one yourself, ‘she said. ‘You must be awfully tired’ â€Å"and â€Å"others came in and were persuaded to take a little nip†. They were â€Å"uncomfortable in her presence† and when it came to eating the meat â€Å"’Please she begged. ‘Please eat it’†, and then, †It’d be a favour to me if you’d eat it up† and â€Å"in the end they were persuaded to go into the kitchen and help themselves.† It was calculating as she was using the policeman’s discomfort at being with a grieving widow and desire to not cause her further distress to do things that they would not normally do. In this way she achieves her goal which was for them to eat the weapon, the leg of lamb. It shows her ability to manipulate the others in the situation. There is no visible remorse being demonstrated by these actions. In the end she is pleased with her efforts to cover up the crime. The statement â€Å"And in the other room, Mary Maloney began to giggle† shows this. In the story she has turned full circle from the devoted loving wife to calculating killer pleased to have gotten off with it. The storyteller is portraying a crime of passion where someone has been wronged by their love, reacts on the spur of the moment and feels the pain of the loss but covers up the crime possibly with little guilt having been the emotionally injured  party at the outset. She has justified her actions to herself for the well being of her unborn child.

Utilitarianism The Philosophy That Chooses To Please - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1847 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? Since we are young we are taught to do good by others and as we get older we learn that we also have to please ourselves. When studying philosophy you see there are many philosophies that go like this, but there are others that go in different directions. These go in directions that only focus on you, ignore you and go to other, or simply just ignore everything. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Utilitarianism: The Philosophy That Chooses To Please" essay for you Create order One of these philosophies is Utilitarianism which states that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority. and the Golden Rule, do unto others as you would want to be done onto you. Utilitarianism is a philosophy chooses the person(s) welfare, as a set of rules that set the guidelines for a decision, and have had impacts on us in both good and bad. Utilitarianism wasnt a philosophy about pleasing God or being true to abstract values, it is about making the world as happy as possible. There are two parts to Utilitarianism, The Primary Principle that the greater good is done for the greater number, and The Golden Rule do to others as you would want to be done to you. The Primary Principle at the basic level means that when it comes down to two options in a decision, that the option that does more good for the greater amount of people must be made in order for it to be good. An example of this would be an action be taken to satisfy the majority of people who want that decision made, so their welfare matters the most in this case.The Golden Rule at the basic level states that the way a person acts to another should be the way that person would want to be treated in the same position. Utilitarianism also takes stances on types of pleasure we endure, they are separated into two, Higher Pleasure and Lower Pleasure. Higher Pleasure is the pleasure of the mind, such as emotions and conscious. Lower Pleasure is the pleasure of the body, that would be. Utilitarianism has four theses that determine if actions are right. The first thesis is Consequentialism, the righteous of actions is determined solely by their consequences. The second is Hedonism, The thesis that pleasure or happiness is the good that we seek and that we should seek.2 The third is Maximalism, a right action produced the greatest good consequences and the least bad.2 The finale is Universalism, the consequences to be considered are those of everyone affected and everyone equally. Epistemology is the importance of knowledge to the philosophy and to the one understanding it. Utilitarianism does have a stance but it is not one that focuses on knowledge. Knowledge is not good-in-itself, and neither is understanding, nor epistemic justification, nor true belief. All are good only insofar as they tend to enhance welfare The philosophy focuses on the welfare of others rather knowledge. This means that Utilitarianism is not as focused on knowledge as other philosophies are and would rather focus on the person(s) and their welfare. This means that peoples happiness is more important than the knowledge that could be learned through experience and learning. The philosophy of Utilitarianism is said to have come from Jeremey Benthem and revised by John Stewert Mill, but the origins of the philosophy go further back to the Philosopher David Hume. David Hume is known for discovering the philosophy of Empiricism and Skepticism. David Hume founded these philosophies on the basis that God isnt real, this leaves out any sort of divinity out of the picture essentially leaving it up to the average man. Although he found the policy of utility he was not the one who made it into the full-fledged philosophy that it is known as today. Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher and political radical., he is also most famously known for finding the philosophy Utilitarianism. Influenced by many Enlightenment thinkersDavid Hume4, he has credited David Hume as an influence for the finding of Utilitarianism. the greatest happiness principle or the principle of utility†a term which he borrows from Hume.4 Bentham also wrote on the philosophy of law, even though he never he never practiced law. Throughout his, Bentham wrote many theses, books, and essays on the philosophy of Utilitarianism. David died on June 6, 1832, in London, after his death he had left thousands of manuscripts, he also had his body placed in a cabinet that now sits in University College, London. After his, it wouldnt be long till another politically active philosopher would revise the philosophy of Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill was that man. John Stuart Mill, much like Bentham influenced the British philosophy and political spectrum. James Mill started as a minister which didnt go in the direction he wanted it to go but James Mill received assistance from friends including the great legal theorist and utilitarian reformer Jeremy Bentham, whom he met in 1808.The second version of secular utilitarianism, a work by Bentham, is what inspired Mill and hooked him into the world of utilitarianism. Mill being active in politics introduced the principle of utility into politics against reform. He advocated a state of affairs in which all people are as happy and well off as they can be, this is his use of the Primary Principle in politics. Mill died in 1836 in Avignon, France. A way that Utilitarianism has been used in a way that affects us today may not be what some would think of at first but a law passed not long ago, no texting and driving. For years phone-related car crashes were at large. Many people complained about the law and how it did nothing to prevent this kind of thing from happening. Then a law was passed that made texting/calling on the phone while driving illegal was passed. Some were angered by this but a majority were pleased by this. This follows the goals of Utilitarianism since it paid attention to the majority and cared for their opinions. Although the philosophy was based on man rather than any sense of God it has to be pointed out that the The Golden Rule was given to the followers of Jesus as seen in Matthew 7:12, So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets. In this case, Jesus was teaching his followers the importance of the type of treatment towards their fellow brothers/sisters, he was not teaching them the philosophy of Utilitarianism. Looking at this it is evident that The Golden Rule was not just something taught by either philosophers or religious figures but rather that it is a universal law that should be observed by all. That would be the only thing Jesus has in common with Utilitarianism, he would most likely not have agreed with the Primary Principle since it pleases the majority, even if the action is wrong. Jesus taught that all decisions should be made based on their morality, not their outcome. An example that would put Jesus a nd Utilitarianism head to head could go like this, a doctor has a vaccine for a disease and he has the option to use it on the only known patient with it or sell it to benefit the whole hospital, Utilitarianism would say sell it in order to help the hospital and all its inhabitants but Jesus would say to give it to the one who needs it. Although the concept of Utilitarianism is determined an action is right based on its outcome, it has proven that it can be used in an immoral way to sway people. The Nazis are notorious for their crimes against Jew, Gypsies, Cripples, and more but one thing that gets overlooked is the medical treatment towards those the Nazis considered undesirable, its been argued that the Nazis used Utilitarian principles as an excuse. To attempt an answer to this complex problem this paper centers its analysis around three topical areas: 1) the prelude is briefly considered; 2) some of the actual public medical laws and their justification by professional groups are examined; and 3) the hidden implementation of mass-scale sterilization, castration and euthanasia is analyzed with respect to intentional or non-intentional utilitarian reasoning.It argues that the Nazis used Utilitarianism as a way to perform euthanasia and other medical procedures. This is an example that just because the phi losophys goal is to have a good outcome that it can be twisted into an evil act. It can be assumed that Hitler even used utilitarianism or its goals as a way to explain his mass genocide against all he considered non-human or unwanted. After researching and getting a lesson on the philosophy of Utilitarianism I cant give a definite answer to whether or not I believe this philosophy works or doesnt work. On the side that says the philosophy works there is the evidence that its ultimate goal is to bring the most good and happiness to the majority. I can see that it is intended for a greater purpose than but that being said it also has its flaws. One big flaw that we went over in class and that Ive seen through the research is how its goal is a not so clear one. When it states that it wants to bring the most happiness what does it mean by that, it is impossible to measure happiness in everyone, or at least the majority. Say a law is passed that states all guns are banned, the majority which is non-gun owners would probably be at ease knowing that a gun-related crime would no longer happen. Then there is the small percent of those who do actually own guns who no longer can, they will see it as an inconvenience. Flash forward a few weeks later crimes that involve illegally owned guns break out more, those who did own guns could have stopped a percent of those crimes themselves. The point is that although the majority benefited or had the most joy from the decision, in the long run, they suffered the most, as did the minority. This can also go wrong in the world of law and order. By Utilitarianisms standards, the greatest good for the greatest number, if a group of criminals went against one person they would win only due to their numbers. I know the philosophy means well and I get that it just wants to make the world a happier place but the truth of the matter is that it is impossible to make everyone happy, let alone a lot of them. By now I take the stand that the philosophy doesnt work, maybe in a society not as stubborn as our it can. Through months of research, it is evident that the teaching, goals, and stances of Utilitarianism have had an impact on us all either as a whole or from bit and pieces embedded into our laws and into our history. Bad or good it has made an impact through its Primary Principle or it Golden Rule