The American Influence in the post-Cold War Era: a Critical Perspective

foundation garmentThe come in- chilly struggle era saw the end of the unsophisticated bipolarity in institution(prenominal) personal matters, and the redistri bution of office staff in the international system resulted in the edict of classic concepts of warfare, power, security and conflict. The young advancenda for frugal exploitation of the poorest regions and their governmental integrating in a world(prenominal)izing world, led to an change magnitude role of non-governmental organisations in distant affairs (Cox, 2003 2008 Baylis & Smith, 2007 Brown, 2005 Strange, 2002). With sphericalization, the capacity of the state was undermined, and transnational corporations and worldwide firms became the landmarks of a sore world recite, which nearly label as post-democracy (Crouch, 2004).In the age of post-democracy, the debate virtually the reorganization of power in the international system and the beatability of the briny continuities in US exotic insuran ce form _or_ system of government such as trading ease and democratization became a headland of new debate (Nye, 1990 Strange, 2002 Cox, 2003 2008). The straits whether the join States was difference to preserve its scotch and semipolitical primacy in a much more thickening world divided experts, and existing theories of imperialism clashed with freshly emerged visions of a multilateral world, where check and resources argon sh atomic number 18d among a relatively grueling the States, and emerging Asian powers. This short try result critically examine the influence of the linked States in the post Cold struggle world, and will explore whether the demise of the American imagine for political and economic drop outdom is really on its way. This will be observed in the mount of US unusual policy. Research questionThis essay will explore whether the American dream and its replications in foreign policy is in its demise in the post-Cold War era. It will defend the view, that patronage the go up powers from Asia and the political and military capabilities of Russia, Israel and Iran, the American continuities in foreign policy re main lively and to a large extent sustainable in a multi-polar world.In order to do this, the causality has decided to step at two specific tenets of US foreign policy and their sustainability as factors in spheric politics economic mickle kindism and democratization. Both of them will be discussed separately. First, the author will before long mention the replications of the American dream in foreign policy. The American dream re-examined the foreign policy cropThe American dream more often than not reflects the American determine, embedded in the ideas of social comparison for all people and economic freedom. Its replications in foreign policy have had two shapes cardinal is economic commerce liberalization, and the some opposite single is the spread of democracy.In the post Cold War era, theor ies cogitate to the contest powers of the United States permeated the political discourse, and the ubiquity of the American influence in the world became a topic of discussion. According to Gowan (2008), one of the feature article traits of American foreign policy has been the thrift of its capitalistic policies, through the spread of liberal set all over the world. He argues that despite the rise of Asian powers, the US has managed to maintain its world empire get a line (347) through the sustainability of American dominated free market and institutions. The result of this post-Cold War system is the increasing political influence of the US in military and security issues. In sum, the American dream in foreign policy in the post-Cold War peak can be looked at on two levels one is economic and is related with the ever expanding policies of vocation liberalism. The other one is related to growing political power, stemming from the conservation of American controlled market s. For the purposes of this essay, both will be examined. The American economic liberalism in the new eraIn this section, it will non be sufficient to explore exclusively the American macroeconomic cognitive operation by and by the end of the post Cold War. First, we guide to briefly highlight the ideological tenets, on which this performance rests. The ideology, which has shaped the US performance since WWII is related to economic liberalism, free trade and cooperation, for the purposes of sustaining a capitalist model of takings (Gowan, 2008 Brown, 2005 Cox, 2003 2008). It rests on the find out of liberal determine and openness, which the US embraced during its expansion in Latin America in the 19th century. This image, describe by some as American exceptionalism (Hunt, 1987 Levy, 2001) has proceeded continuity in US foreign policy, despite the changing conditions of the external political environment. The idea of open trade, dynamic industries and multi-lateral trade re lations are all tenets of the perpetuating image of the United States as a recognise player in trade and economics, and a proponent of capitalist economy. Although it is argued whether this consistency has revolved around economic multilateralism, mercantilism or neo-imperialism (Wallerstein, 2003 Gowan, 2008), its continuation in international affairs is undisputed. scorn the global recession and the rising Asian powers, the US has preserved its prepare as one of the leading powers in the global economy. Official figures for American gross domesticated product usher that since 1994, the American economy has grown at a significantly faster rate than other main advanced economies such as the Eurozone and lacquer (Gowan, 2008). Growth declined sharply in 2001 and 2002 but recovered shortly after, and before the recession, figures show that the US total share in the global economic output has grown to 49.6 per cent (Gowan, 2008351). With the global recession, the American econom ic ideology was challenged, and the supremacy of the dollar as the world currency put to question because of issues related with mounting trade deficits and foreign debt. However, at present America carcass one of the largest actors in the global economy, because of its hike productivity, increasing competitiveness and domineering trade relations. Undisputedly and despite the global economic conditions, the American market will constantly be attractive for capitalisms from the rest of the world, because of its terrific size (Gowan, 2008 Dam, 2004 Verdier, 1994). This would perpetually encourage other economic powers from Asia and Latin America for example, to accept American-centred economic regimes (Gowan, 2008 353). Also, the tangible American strawman in the international monetary institutions such as the World believe and the internationalist Monetary Fund, makes the US a sovereign power in wrong of development economics and recovery. In this sense, the ideology and the geomorphologic characteristics of American capitalism have succeeded in a post-Cold war world, and despite the challenges ahead, at present the US frame a leading economic power. Democratization and the United States As the previous section briefly outlined, despite the formidable challenges on the global horizon, which the US faces, it has managed to preserve its economic position in the world. This economic position, however, is not only when the result of the rise of American capitalism within the world economy, but to a fault of the political rise of the American values and the ability of the US to use its political power and influence in a globalizing world (Gowan, 2008). Authors such as Wallerstein (2003) and Gowan (2008) signify that the US has managed to reshape the ideas of world heartsease and cooperation, through the historic preservation of its capitalist ideal. Also, the attempts to export democracy (Chua, 2004) and democratic values in many parts of the explo itation world have led to the widespread influence of the United States. Some are willing to speculate, that this was a devised strategy, designed to sustain the position of the United States as a leading political power (Cox, 2003). What was labelled as neo-imperialism or the spread of American values through the use of fruity power (Cox, 2003 Nye, 1990) is one of the main reasons, wherefore the United States is likely to keep its place in the international system in the decades to come. The American democratic model has been exported to Africa, the affection East and Latin America and despite the criticisms related to its implementation, it has served as a core for the preservation of the American position in foreign affairs. ConclusionThis essay has try to show, that despite the challenges on the US foreign policy agenda, its influence in the international system remains significant. Therefore it would be exaggerated to say that the American dream is a reminiscence of the pol itical past. The nigh powerful manifestations of the perpetuating American presence in foreign affairs are related to economic liberalism and political exports, such as democracy, human rights, and social equality. In the post-Cold war period, the United States has continued to spread its influence, and has largely remained at the centre of international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. In terms of political governance, the American formula remains uncontested. Americas greatest export commodity democracy has established a sphere of influence in the maturation world, where the American presence will remain strong, at least for several decades to come. Whether one will take the mercanlitist, multilateralist or imperialistic approach to understanding Americas future role in the world is less relevant compared to the fact that the United States remains an important element in a shared world leadership, where the joggle of China an d Russia towards capitalism, and the rise of a global civil society, have already shifted the residuum of power in a totally different direction.Bibliography Baylis, J. & Smith, S. (2007) eds, The sphericalization of World Politics. Oxford Oxford University expressBrown, C., (2005) Understanding International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, Ch. 6, pp. 106-123Chua, A. (2004) Our Most good export, Guardian, Saturday, February 28Available at http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/feb/28/globalisation.iraqCox, M. (2003) Empires Back in Town. Or Americas Imperial Temptation once again. Millennium Journal of International Studies. ISSN 0305-8298. Vol.32, No.1, pp. 1-27Cox, M. & Stokes, D. (2008) design US opposed Policy- Past, Present and early, in US remote Policy, Cox, M. and Stokes, D. (eds), Oxford University Press, bare-ass York, pp. 3-23Crouch, C. (2004) Post res publica, Polity PressDam, K.W. (2004) The Rules of the world(a) Game A New seem at US International economic P olicymaking, Chicago University of Chicago PressGowan, P. (2008) Global Economy, in US contrary Policy, Michael Cox & Doug Stokes (eds), Oxford Oxford University Press, pp. 336-350Hunt, M. (1987) Ideology and US unlike Policy. Yale University PressLevy, S.M. (2001). American Exceptionalism and US Foreign Policy. Palgrave, New YorkNye, J. S. (1990) Soft power, Foreign Policy (electronic source), issue 80 (Fall), pp.153-71.Strange, S. (2002) The Declining agency of States, in The Global Transformations Reader an Introduction to the Globalization Debate, 2nd edition, Held and McGrew (eds) Cambridge Polity Press, pp.127-134Verdier, D. (1994) Democracy and International Trade, Princeton Princeton University PressWallerstein, I. (2003) Historical capitalist economy with Capitalist Civilization London reversion